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Bur Oak Tree
Quercus macrocarpa
Other Names: Mossycup Oak
Plant Details
USDA Plant Hardiness Zones: 3a-8b  Find Your Zone
Shrub Type:Â Deciduous Tree
Height at Maturity:Â 60-80′
Width at Maturity:Â 60-80′
Spacing:Â 25-30′ for groupings; 85+ feet for space between trees
Growth Habit / Form:Â Upright Rounded
Growth Rate:Â Fast, 1.5 to 2′Â per year
Flower Color:Â Yellow Green
Flower Size:Â Insignificant
Flowering Period:Â Spring
Flower Type:Â Catkin
Fragrant Flowers:Â na
Foliage Color:Â Dark Green turning Yellow-Bronze in fall
Fragrant Foliage:Â No
Fruit/Nuts:Â Â Yes, acorn nuts are edible after tannins are boiled or leached out
Sun Needs:Â Full to Mostly Sun; 6 or more hours direct sunlight per day is suggested
Water Needs:Â Â Average; Low when established, very drought tolerant
Soil Type:Â Â Clay, Loam, Sandy, Silty
Soil Moisture / Drainage:Â Moist But Well-Drained to Dry when established
Soil pH:Â 5.5-8.0Â (Acidic to Alkaline)
Maintenance / Care:Â Low
Attracts:Â Birds, Butterflies, Mammals, Moths
Resistances:Â Cold Temperatures (-40F), Deer, Disease, Drought (when established), Dry Soil (when established), Heat, Humidity
Description
One of the most majestic of all North American native oaks, the Bur Oak is a magnificent, large-growing and long-lived member of the white oak family. It is a fast grower for an oak developing a broad, open rounded crown that can reach 60 to 80 feet tall and wide at maturity. Highly adaptable, in the wild it occurs and thrives everywhere from bottomlands and near streams and other bodies of water to dry upland sites. It has lush foliage consisting of large and attractive leathery dark green leaves measuring from 6 to 12 inches long with 5 to 9 rounded lobes. Insignificant flowers occur in spring in the form of catkins which are followed by rounded acorns having a unique and attractive bur or mossy appearance, hence the common name. Deeply furrowed grey bark on the trunks is something folks just can’t resist reaching out to touch. As is with most oak trees, the Bur Oak has many benefits to wildlife, supporting butterflies and moths, birds and mammals. Highly adaptable to many soil types and moist to dry conditions, the Mossycup Bur Oak is ideal for use as a large shade tree in the moist to dry landscape or in groupings or groves for forestation and reclamation projects.
Wildlife Benefits
The wildlife benefits of the Bur Oak are numerous. It is an excellent source of food for many wildlife species including deer, black bears, turkeys, woodpeckers. squirrels, rabbits, raccoons and many other species of smaller mammals and birds. It also supports a wide variety of Lepidopteran. You may see moths and butterflies such as Imperial Moth, Banded Hairstreak, Edward’s Hairstreak, Gray Hairstreak, White-M Hairstreak, Horace’s Duskywing and Juvenal’s Duskywing.
Note:Â Unprocessed, raw acorns can be potentially toxic due to the high tannin content. However, acorns are worth the processing steps, as they are a low-calorie tasty food.
Landscape & Garden Uses
Growing 60 to 80 feet tall and equally as wide depending on location, the Bur Oak is ideal for use as a shade tree around the home and outdoor living spaces or in a meadow or naturalized area, or in groupings or groves for forestation and reclamation projects. It will thrive on dry slopes or in bottomlands. A fine addition to native and wildlife gardens where the acorns are eaten by squirrels, chipmunks, deer, wild turkeys, blue jays, red-headed woodpeckers and many other wildlife species.Â
Suggested Spacing:Â Â 25 to 30 feet apart for groupings; 85 or more feet apart for space between trees
Growing Preferences
The Bur Oak Tree is very easy to grow in most any moist but well-drained soil of average to poor fertility and full sun to part shade. Established trees are exceptionally drought and handle occasionally wet soils. We suggest at least 6 or more hours of direct sunlight per day. A very low maintenance tree that requires no pruning unless you want to remove some lower branches to expose more trunk. Young trees will benefit from fertilizer however older trees can usually get what the need from the soil and rain water.
Note:Â Find helpful advice from our experts under the Planting & Care tab above on desktop screens and below on mobile phones.Â
Plant Long & Prosper!
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